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History

We study history to understand how various forces throughout our past have shaped our present: our values, our interactions with each other, and our relationship with the physical world around us. History teaches us about the constant of change, granting us both humility and optimism as we face the capacity and limitations of humankind to effect change. With this deeper understanding of our humanity, we can approach the future more realistically.

History also helps us appreciate other perspectives and cultures and how they have shaped American cultures. We can trace the evolution of our common system of law, our representational form of government, and our capitalistic and industrial economy. In particular, the History Department focuses on the Western origins of the ideals of individual liberty and democracy that have come to define our pluralistic society. Therefore, the study of Western civilization is at the core of the Hopkins high-school History program. We examine the slow, often faltering progress of liberty and justice against the backdrop of ongoing economic, social, and religious change.

In the Junior School, students complete a two-year sequence that layers geography, innovation, and the quest for empire. The History Department’s highschool program begins with Atlantic Communities I, a year-long course that studies the period from the Age of European Exploration through the Age of Napoleon. This course, and each of the subsequent Atlantic Communities courses, combines European and American history with the histories of West Africa and Latin America. Atlantic Communities II covers the period from the Industrial Revolution to World War II; Atlantic Communities III begins with the Cold War and concludes in 2001. Students may take the year-long AP® U.S. History or AP European History courses in lieu of the one-semester Atlantic Communities III course.

Electives in the department are open to students in Grades 11 and 12, enabling them to explore a wide range of history and social-science topics in greater depth. In all courses students learn how to read critically, to conduct research, to write and revise papers, and to make effective oral presentations. A minimum of 2½ credits of History is required for graduation: Atlantic Communities I and II, and either Atlantic Communities III or AP U.S. History or AP European History. Students in the Senior School may take more than one history course concurrently.

Please note that, because of the possibility of scheduling conflicts, students must list a second choice for each elective. Students who are away for a term may not enroll in AP U.S. History or in AP European History, due to the research paper component of those courses. 
  • Humanities Symposium: African-American History & Literature

    Humanities Symposium: African-American History and Literature

    Grades 11 & 12, Term II, 1 credit
    (½ credit English, ½ credit History)

    Offered jointly through the English and History Departments

    Students receive both English and History credit for this team-taught, interdisciplinary course. Each class meets for a double-block period. African-American experiences are explored through literary texts and historical documents alike, with the critical examination of primary sources and articles providing a backbone for studies in literature. The course begins with the complex histories of the peoples of the African subcontinent before turning to address slavery, Reconstruction and Jim Crow, the Harlem Renaissance and Civil Rights Movement, and the present. Representative authors have included Frederick Douglass, Richard Wright, Alice Walker, August Wilson, James Baldwin, Langston Hughes, Yaa Gyasi, and Toni Morrison. In addition, art, film, and music will inform our study. Assessments are jointly given and graded, and consist of essays, research presentations, creative assignments based on research, and a collaborative, capstone analytical project. Through the interdisciplinary examination of literature and history, students have the opportunity to reach a deeper understanding of the circumstances, challenges, contributions, and resiliency of African Americans from the days of slavery to our current moment. [This course counts as two academic courses in Term II.] 

  • Asian Studies: Buddhism

    Asian Studies: Buddhism

    Grades 11 & 12, Term II, ½ credit

    This course focuses on the historical narratives of India, China, Japan, and Tibet, and examines the ways in which disparate peoples have taken up the problems of existential and historically-situated suffering throughout the ages. Beginning with the enlightenment narrative of Siddhartha Gautama (the buddha) and culminating with recent ideological, practical, and demographic shifts in the international Buddhist community (the sangha), this course tracks the changing nature of ideas, communities, and cultural traditions from a global perspective. Through readings, projects, and site visits, this course is designed to provide students with a deeper understanding of the philosophical and religious teachings (the dharma) of Buddhism and detailed information about their historical context.

  • Atlantic Communities III: Global Communities (1945–2001) T2

    Atlantic Communities III:
    Global Communities (1945–2001)

    Grades 11 & 12, Term I or Term II, ½ credit

    This course concludes the core History sequence. The course begins with the changing relationship among World War II Allies, focusing on the tensions that led to the Cold War. Coupled with the end of the powerful colonial empires, the Cold War created a new dynamic in world affairs as the United States and the Soviet Union attempted to manage global politics and economies. The world became smaller due to increasing international interaction and increasing use of new technologies. The shifts in power accompanying the end of the Cold War brought another set of challenges. The course concludes with fairly recent historical developments of global economies, the use of ethnic cleansing as a “solution” to conflict, health crises, revolutions in communications, environmental concerns, and the rise of religious fundamentalism. Students become more familiar with the forces that have created the world they will inhabit as adults. A research paper driven by analysis of primary sources is a major requirement.

  • Early Modern Encounter and Exchange - The Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert

    Early Modern Encounter and Exchange

    Grades 9 & 10, Term I, 1⁄2 credit

    This elective allows students to explore ideas and tools of comparative history in their choice of region. The study of each region focuses on common themes, including the impact of  geography; the movement of peoples, goods, and ideas; and the development of socio-economic structures and political institutions. Students will explore historical and current

    case studies to gain an understanding of the region. The course emphasizes skills in map and media literacy, historical inquiry and writing, and analysis of a range of types of sources.

    **In 2025-2026, regional options will be: the Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert or the South China Sea.

  • Early Modern Encounter and Exchange - The South China Sea

    Early Modern Encounter and Exchange

    Grades 9 & 10, Term I, 1⁄2 credit

    This elective allows students to explore ideas and tools of comparative history in their choice of region. The study of each region focuses on common themes, including the impact of  geography; the movement of peoples, goods, and ideas; and the development of socio-economic structures and political institutions. Students will explore historical and current

    case studies to gain an understanding of the region. The course emphasizes skills in map and media literacy, historical inquiry and writing, and analysis of a range of types of sources.

    **In 2025-2026, regional options will be: the Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert or the South China Sea.

  • History 7: Geography and Human Innovation

    History 7:
    Geography and Human Innovation

    Students study the relationships between geography and human innovation by using historical examples from cultures around the globe as case studies. Students examine how the interaction of the physical world and human innovation impacts cultures. The course also focuses on developing a common set of foundational skills in the areas of note-taking, working with visual primary sources, independent research, citation, the writing process, and oral presentation.
  • History 8: Geography, Innovation, and Empire

    History 8:
    Geography, Innovation, and Empire

    Students study the role of empire and the movement of goods, peoples, and ideas in the ancient and medieval world. Using global historical case studies as their guides, students explore issues of power as they pertain to security, cultural diffusion, innovation, and imperialism. The course continues to build students’ skills in primary-source analysis, note-taking, independent research, citation, the writing process, and oral presentation.

  • Revolutionary Freedoms

    Revolutionary Freedoms

    Grades 9 & 10, Term II, 1⁄2 credit

    This course investigates three key questions: What is freedom? Why were so many people thinking about it in the late eighteenth century? And how has the desire for freedom led to political, social, and economic change? The course examines the Enlightenment and other historical catalysts that created new understandings of power and resistance to it through the lens of the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions. Students will grapple with the complex global legacies of that revolutionary era for the current moment. The course emphasizes foundational skills in historical inquiry, including research, analytical reading and writing, media literacy, and discussion.

  • Russian History: Reform, Reaction, Revolution

    Russian History:
    Reform, Reaction, Revolution

    Grades 11 & 12, Term II, ½ credit
    Offered every other year
    Next offered 2026–2027

    In this course, students trace Russian attempts at “enlightenment,” rapid industrialization, and modernization in Imperial Russia before examining how Russia/USSR later wrestled with the same issues (and others) in the twentieth century with the creation of the Soviet Union. Students also explore the physical and political geography of the region and the concept of Eurasia. Readings, lectures, and projects address the ongoing political and ideological struggles in the modern period with particular attention to the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, the rise of Soviet communism, Stalinism, and the fate of various nationalities. Finally students study events in the post-Soviet era, including the attempts at democracy and reform, Putinism, and the revival of the Russian security state.

  • Topics in Women's History: American Women in the 20th & 21st Centuries

    Topics in Women’s History: American Women in the 20th and 21st Centuries

    Grades 11 & 12, Term II, ½ credit

    In this course, students will use a historical lens to examine the varied experiences of women across different time periods and geographies. In 2023–2024, students will explore the history of American women from the turn of the 20th century to the present day and will walk through the birth of women’s enfranchisement in the United States. Topics discussed include culture, labor, politics, and the social construction of gender in the United States. Students will examine class, ethnicity, identity, and geographic region within the scope of domestic and public spheres. From Ida McKinley to Marsha P. Johnson and Wilma Mankiller to Ruth Bader Ginsberg, students will explore the diverse landscape of womanhood in America. Analytical reading, writing, and discussion in this course allow students to contemplate and respond to the question: How has the gender paradigm changed throughout the 20th and into the 21st century?

  • U.S. Histories

    U.S. Histories

    Grades 11 & 12

    Next offered in 2026-2027.

    This course examines how economic, cultural, political, and social forces have shaped the concept of American identity, and our country’s efforts to achieve the ideals to which it has aspired. Students will investigate the creation and expansion of our country and its changing role on the world stage from the pre-colonial era through the early twenty-first century. New Haven will serve as an ongoing case study to highlight key historical developments at a local scale. Engaging with diverse perspectives, students will gain understanding of the pluralism that defines the United States. The course emphasizes increasingly sophisticated critical thinking, contextualization, sourcing, corroboration, and argument-based writing, culminating in a required research paper. (Prerequisite: World History)

  • World History: The Long Twentieth Century

    World History: The Long Twentieth Century

    Grades 10 & 11

    This course investigates four key questions: What are the advantages and disadvantages of global interconnection? How and why have people collectively developed, encouraged, and limited the growth and spread of human rights? How has technological innovation impacted the global community? Why did the world develop the way it did and who got to decide? By focusing on the twentieth century, including its historical foundations and developing legacies, students will explore the profound impact of ideologies, global realignment, and self-determination on societies to better understand our current world. The course builds on the historical inquiry skills introduced in Revolutionary Freedoms, with an emphasis on the research process. A research paper is a required component. (Prerequisite: Revolutionary Freedoms)

  • Atlantic Communities I (1400–1815)

    Grades 9 & 10. The histories of Europe, North America, Western Africa, and Latin America converge in this first course of the Atlantic Communities sequence. The course begins with the creation of the Atlantic Community in the 1400s and ends with the effects of Napoleon’s empire building on both sides of the Atlantic. The question of authority— who has it, on what basis they claim it, and how people in opposition respond to it—is a central theme. The course also addresses the core skills of historical scholarship: effective note-taking, interpreting primary sources, analytical reading and writing, and conducting research. Students are guided through the completion of a short research paper during the second term.
  • Atlantic Communities II (1815-1945)

    Grades 10 & 11.
    In this second course of the Atlantic Communities sequence, the histories, societies and cultures of Europe and North America, along with those of Western Africa and Latin America, continue to fuse, but the perspectives are extended toward broader global horizons. Students begin with the Industrial Revolution and end their study at the end of the Second World War. The transformations of the modern age across the Atlantic region, the development of liberalism as well as European and U.S. nation-building--including the tragedy of America’s Civil War--are important focal points. The course continues with World War I and the Russian Revolution. This is followed by an examination of the economic, political, and cultural reactions to the Great War that contributed to the global economic depression of the 1930s, the rise of totalitarianism, and World War II. A research paper is a major requirement. There are two History Lectures designed to enrich the students’ experience of the course, as well as an all-day field trip in the fall.
  • Atlantic Communities III: Global Communities (1945–2001) T1

    Atlantic Communities III:
    Global Communities (1945–2001)

    Grades 11 & 12, Term I or Term II, ½ credit

    This course concludes the core History sequence. The course begins with the changing relationship among World War II Allies, focusing on the tensions that led to the Cold War. Coupled with the end of the powerful colonial empires, the Cold War created a new dynamic in world affairs as the United States and the Soviet Union attempted to manage global politics and economies. The world became smaller due to increasing international interaction and increasing use of new technologies. The shifts in power accompanying the end of the Cold War brought another set of challenges. The course concludes with fairly recent historical developments of global economies, the use of ethnic cleansing as a “solution” to conflict, health crises, revolutions in communications, environmental concerns, and the rise of religious fundamentalism. Students become more familiar with the forces that have created the world they will inhabit as adults. A research paper driven by analysis of primary sources is a major requirement.

  • AP® United States History

    AP® United States History

    Grades 11 & 12

    This is an in-depth study that goes beyond the topics usually considered in the chronological survey of American History found in the Atlantic Communities sequence. The students examine a wide range of readings and diverse historical viewpoints. The course seeks to strengthen students’ analytical skills by evaluating primary sources and critiquing various interpretations. Students are given opportunities to define terms, formulate hypotheses, gather evidence, and defend positions. Essay-writing skills are stressed, and a research paper is an important requirement of the course. This course prepares students for the Advanced Placement® Examination in United States History. Students may request this course in lieu of Atlantic Communities III. (Prerequisite: AC I & II and departmental approval)

  • AP® European History

    AP® European History 

    Grades 11 & 12 

    This course examines the modern period of Europe from the Renaissance to the present. Students master the broad chronology of modern European history found in the Atlantic Communities sequence and improve their skills of analysis and synthesis of primary sources. Students will consider in-depth topics in political, diplomatic, economic, intellectual, social, and cultural history. Students are given opportunities to define terms, formulate hypotheses, gather evidence, and defend positions. Essay-writing skills are stressed, and a research paper is an important requirement of the course. This course prepares students for the Advanced Placement® Examination in European History. Students may request this course in lieu of Atlantic Communities III. (Prerequisite: AC I & II and departmental approval)

  • AP® Human Geography

    AP® Human Geography 

    Grades 11 & 12, Term I, ½ credit

    This course provides an interdisciplinary approach to studying the interaction between humans and the earth. Using the lens of geography, students analyze concepts and trends in population and demographics, culture, politics, economics, and urban land use. Coursework balances broader theoretical discussions about the interactions of people and physical space at various scales with case studies on everything from American English to iPhones. This course prepares students for the Advanced Placement® Examination in Human Geography.

  • Military History

    Military History 

    Grades 11 & 12, Term I, ½ credit

    This course examines the characteristics of wars from the Middle Ages through the present and concepts such as command and control, military service, and total war. Case studies of various campaigns and battles along with simulation exercises provide students with opportunities to analyze strategic and tactical issues in their historical context. Through debates and discussions, students address the challenges that nations face today in maintaining global peace.

  • Comparative Religion

    Comparative Religion  

    Grades 11 & 12, Term I, ½ credit
    Offered every other year
    Next offered 2026–2027 

    This course introduces students to major world religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It examines each as an authentic teaching, arising from a specific time, place, and people. The course tracks their internal challenges and external clashes throughout history as the core organizations faced political, economic, and social change. Lesser-known religions are also considered as students study religious factions and historical and regional developments. Students study these religions’ similarities, differences, and impact on society and the world as they address such topics as rites and rituals, the meaning of human life, the idea of divinity, morality, transcendence, and death.

  • Twenty-First Century Democracy

    Twenty-First Century Democracy

    Grades 11 & 12, Term I, ½ credit

    This course offers an advanced study of contemporary American politics and current events, both domestic and international. Material comes primarily from daily reading of The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal and from frequent guest speakers who are involved in the political process. The class places special emphasis on the municipal elections that will be held in Connecticut in the fall of 2025, and students will volunteer on local campaigns as part of that emphasis. The class also attends the Princeton Model Congress held in Washington, DC, in November.
  • The Holocaust and the Individual


    The Holocaust & The Individual 

    Grade 12, Term I, ½ credit

    This course offers a comprehensive study of German history with a focus on the Holocaust, examining one of the most profound events in human history. Central to our exploration is the role of the individual in shaping and responding to historical events, encouraging students to confront ethical questions and engage with complex philosophical dilemmas.  Students will investigate the roots and evolution of Anti-Semitism, the rise of Nazism, and the progression from discrimination to the systematic extermination of the Jews. Key topics include the functioning of concentration and extermination camps, acts of resistance, and stories of rescue. Critical thinking skills are honed through in-depth discussions, analysis of primary sources, and project-based learning. This course challenges students to not only understand the history but also reflect on its enduring implications for humanity and individual responsibility.

  • Constitutional Law

    Constitutional Law

    Grades 11 & 12, Term II, ½ credit 

    This course introduces students to the major constitutional debates that have shaped the American legal system, and the ways the Supreme Court has addressed them. Students discuss and analyze topics that include federalism, freedom of speech, affirmative action, the death penalty, civil rights, privacy rights, due process, and freedom of religion, as well as examine how civil liberties apply to students in school. Students gain a thorough understanding of the Constitution of the United States, think critically about legal debates that have shaped U.S. history, and participate in debates on current events and controversies.

  • Introduction to Economics

    Introduction to Economics

    Grade 12, Term II, ½ credit

    This course acquaints students with the modern discipline of economics as both a history and social science. It aims to further students’ understanding of economics and business after they leave Hopkins and to prepare them to enter our 21st century world. Microeconomics and macroeconomics are explored through student-centered, project-based learning methods, which include learning behavioral economics and areas of entrepreneurship. Additional topics studied are the principles of economic thinking, markets, consumer behavior, growth and productivity, fiscal policy, monetary policy, global currency and exchanges, and more. The spring course concludes with student-run business projects that require students to apply their learning in practical ways, which reinforce their understanding of the subject’s practicality.

Our Faculty

  • Photo of Elizabeth Gleason
    Elizabeth Gleason
    Evans-Rood History Department Chair / Community Service
    203.397.1001 x680
    Stanford University - B.A.
    Brown University - M.A.
  • Photo of Sarah Belbita
    Sarah Belbita
    History / Academic Support
    203.397.1001 x642
    Mitchell College - A.A.
    Western New England College - B.A.
    American International College - M.Ed.
  • Photo of Margaret Coons
    Margaret Coons
    History
    203.397.1001 x568
    Yale University - B.A.
    Teachers College, Columbia University - M.A.
  • Photo of Kevin Cronin
    Kevin Cronin
    School Scheduler / History
    203.397.1001 x372
    Bates College - BA
    Yale University - MAR
  • Photo of David DeNaples
    David DeNaples
    Director of Summer School / History
    203.397.1001 x607
    Southern Connecticut State University - B.S.
  • Photo of Jessica Dunn
    Jessica Dunn
    History / Academic Support
    203.397.1001 x750
    Yale University - B.A.
    Vanderbilt University - M.Ed.
  • Photo of Ian Guthrie
    Ian Guthrie
    Head Advisor Class of 2029 / Visual Arts / History
    203.397.1001 x619
    Stetson University - B.A.
    University of Colorado - M.A.
  • Photo of Tisha Hooks
    Tisha Hooks
    History / Researcher in Residence / Academic Support
    203.397.1001 x541
    Mount Holyoke College - B.A.
    Yale University - Ph.D.
  • Photo of Daniel Levy
    Daniel Levy
    History
    203.97.1001 x613
    Georgetown University - B.A.
    New York University - M.A.
  • Photo of Megan Maxwell
    Megan Maxwell
    History
    203.397.1001 x652
    University of Maryland, Baltimore County - M.A.
    Stanford University - B.A.
  • Photo of Edwardo Perez
    Edwardo Perez
    History - Penn Fellow
    203.397.1001 x677
    Bowdoin College - B.A
    University of Pennsylvania - M.S.Ed
  • Photo of Thomas Peters
    Thomas Peters
    Archivist / History
    203.397.1001 x175
    Dartmouth College - A.B.
    University of Wisconsin - M.S.
    Episcopal Church in Connecticut - Ordained Priest
  • Photo of Tim Phipps
    Tim Phipps
    History / Head Football Coach
    (203) 397-1001 x520
    University of Connecticut - B.A.
    Sacred Heart University - M.A.
  • Photo of Zoe Resch
    Zoe Resch
    History
    203.397.1001 x681
    Harvard - B.A.
    Yale University - M.A.
  • Photo of John Roberts
    John Roberts
    Assistant Head of School / History
    203.397.1001 x122
    Yale University - B.A.
    Wesleyan University - M.A.L.S.
  • Photo of Errol Saunders II
    Errol Saunders II
    Executive Director of Pathfinder / History
    Yale University - B.A.
    Teachers College, Columbia University - Ed.M.
    Bio
  • Photo of Scott Wich
    Scott Wich
    Head Advisor Class of 2028 / History
    203.397.1001 x610
    St. Lawrence University - B.A.
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Hopkins is a private middle school and high school for grades 7-12. Located on a campus overlooking New Haven, CT, the School takes pride in its intellectually curious students as well as its dedicated faculty and staff.